An Bras Dermatol. 2026 Jun 3;101(4):501372. doi: 10.1016/j.abd.2026.501372. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by dematiaceous fungi of the family Herpotrichiellaceae. It is considered an occupational disease, predominantly affecting male agricultural workers, with a worldwide distribution, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Fonsecaea pedrosoi accounts for approximately 90% of reported cases.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the etiological agents, clinical features, and major complications associated with chromoblastomycosis.
METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study presenting a case series was conducted, focusing on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, disease course, and reported complications of chromoblastomycosis.
RESULTS: A total of 131 cases of chromoblastomycosis were documented; 10 patients (7.65%) developed squamous cell carcinoma. The mean age was 65.8-years, and the mean disease duration prior to malignant transformation was 17.4-years. The most frequently affected site was the upper limb (70%), followed by the lower limb (20%) and the trunk (10%).
STUDY LIMITATIONS: The descriptive nature of this review limits causal inference and precise estimation of malignant transformation rates.
CONCLUSION: Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, polymorphic cutaneous infection often diagnosed late, leading to long-standing disease and disabling sequelae. Malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma represents one of its most severe complications and may occur even in residual scars. Early diagnosis and prolonged follow-up are essential to reduce morbidity and prevent malignant progression.
PMID:42235130 | PMC:PMC13254577 | DOI:10.1016/j.abd.2026.501372