J Am Dent Assoc. 2026 Jan 21:S0002-8177(25)00690-7. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2025.10.021. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Oral cancers account for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, and their incidence has increased in the past several years, despite growing awareness and screening and preventive efforts advocated in articles and guidelines. Visual examination remains the mainstay for oral cancer screening. In contradistinction, optical devices used for cutaneous screening in dermatologic practice have been found to be beneficial and have great accuracy when coupled with artificial intelligence.
TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors used PubMed searches for data on the incidence and prevalence of oral cancers worldwide as well as challenges and options related to improvements in diagnosis and surveillance for oral cancer. Available optical technologies, biomarkers, and related biosensor technologies were also reviewed.
RESULTS: Optical devices have been tested in oral cancer screening with good sensitivity and specificity. Predictive biomarkers for oral cancer screening are well described. Although wearable biosensors have proven valid, widely adopted, and a benefit for various conditions, their application in general use for oral cancer screening and surveillance remains insufficient.
CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Advancements in miniaturization, noninvasive, and high-resolution imaging technologies can enhance oral cancer screening. Developments in multivariant biosensor technologies that can detect an expanding catalog of oncological biomarkers may hold promise in improving diagnostic efficacy and accuracy, particularly in early and often subtle manifestations and recurrence. Incorporating these strategies along with evolving technologies that use artificial intelligence and machine learning can augment and improve oral cancer surveillance in patients at risk of developing oral cancer.
PMID:41563162 | DOI:10.1016/j.adaj.2025.10.021