J Hand Surg Am. 2026 Mar 19:S0363-5023(26)00125-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.01.020. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Ring avulsion injuries, though rare, represent a uniquely devastating subset of hand trauma, with circumferential damage to skin, tendon, bone, and neurovascular structures. Historically, these injuries were almost universally treated with amputation; however, advances in microsurgical repair have transformed management and opened the possibility of finger salvage. We review the epidemiology, classification systems, treatment options, and biomechanical studies that have prompted innovations in ring manufacturing. Over time, classification systems have shifted treatment emphasis from survival to functional prognosis. Contemporary microsurgical practice supports revascularization and replantation for injuries distal to the flexor digitorum superficialis insertion, with survival rates approaching 80% to 85%. Proximal injuries, however, continue to carry a poor functional prognosis, making amputation the preferred option in most cases. As wearable technology drives renewed interest in ring design, future innovations should incorporate failure mechanisms that prevent tissue injury without sacrificing aesthetics. Ultimately, optimal management of ring avulsion injuries requires excellent microsurgical technique, appropriate functional expectations, an understanding of patient preferences, and incorporation of preventive measures.
PMID:41854583 | DOI:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.01.020